Hardware or software that controls and allows network traffic flow is known as a network firewall.
How does a network firewall work?
- Using access control techniques, network firewalls impose policies. Mechanisms are rules that govern how traffic should be handled based on its attributes. 
- These rules can be established policies, allow/deny rulesets, or other rules.
- The four TCP/IP communication layers—application, transport, IP/network, and hardware/data link—are the ones that are subject to scrutiny by network firewalls.
-  From the point of origin to the point of destination, data is moved by TCP/IP layers. 
- The number of higher order levels that can be checked increases with the level of network firewall security technologies. 
- Advanced network firewalls can offer more precise traffic restrictions and thorough accounting since they can collect more information.
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