x + y = 44
y = 10x
To solve this system by substitution, substitute 10x for y into the top equation.
        x + y = 44
    x + 10x = 44
          11x = 44
              x = 4
To find y, substitute 4 for x into either of the original equations; I'll use the bottom equation.
    y = 10x
    y = 10(4)
    y = 40
Lastly, substitute the x- and y-values into both original equations to check work.
      x + y = 44
    4 + 40 = 44
          44 = 44
            y = 10x
          40 = 10(4)
          40 = 40
Answer:
x = 4; y = 40
(4, 40)