From the article Partners Healthcare System (PHS) Transforming Healthcare Services Delivery Through Information Management: 
 
What was the culture of PHS clinical decision making before the advent of the LMR and CPOE systems? 
 
A) Hierarchical and centralized decision-making process 
B) Collaborative and decentralized decision-making process 
C) Reactive and ad hoc decision-making process 
D) Autonomous and independent decision-making process